LIFE
Three Domains and Seven Kingdoms
Bacteria (eubacteria) (cyanobacteria, Escherichia, Bacillus, actinomycetes etc.)
Archaea (archaebacteria) (Halobacterium etc.)
Eukarya (metazoa, fungi, slime molds, plants, ciliates etc.)
Archaea (archaebacteria) (Halobacterium etc.)
Eukarya (metazoa, fungi, slime molds, plants, ciliates etc.)
BACTERIA
domain
domain
Prokaryotes
- Lack membrane-bound nucleus
- Lack membrane-bound organelles
- Unicellular
BACTERIA
kingdom |
NEGIBACTERIA
subkingdom |
CYANBACTERIA
phylum |
ARCHAEA
domain
Thermoproteales
Desulfurococcales
Sulfolobales
Thaumarchaeota (Cenarchaeales)
Korarchaeota
Nanoarchaeota
Thermococcales
Methanopyrales
Methanobacteriales
Methanococcales
Picrophilales (Thermoplasmatales)
Archaeoglobales
Halobacteriales
Methanomicrobiales
Methanosarcinales
* Dotted horizontal line indicate they may be polyphyletic
1. Crenarchaeota
2. Euryarchaeota
Desulfurococcales
Sulfolobales
Thaumarchaeota (Cenarchaeales)
Korarchaeota
Nanoarchaeota
Thermococcales
Methanopyrales
Methanobacteriales
Methanococcales
Picrophilales (Thermoplasmatales)
Archaeoglobales
Halobacteriales
Methanomicrobiales
Methanosarcinales
* Dotted horizontal line indicate they may be polyphyletic
1. Crenarchaeota
2. Euryarchaeota
Prokaryotes
Withstand harshest environments
- Lack membrane-bound nucleus
- Lack membrane-bound organelles
- Mostly unicellular
Withstand harshest environments
- Hydrothermic vents, extreme thermophiles
- Acidic hot springs, thermo-acidophiles
- Salt lakes, extreme halophiles
- Anaerobic swamps, methanogens
ARCHAEA
|
CRENARCHAEOTA
|
EURYARCHAEOTA
|
|
KORARCHAEOTA
|
Little known organisms
|
EUKARYA
domain
domain
Opisthokonta (Metazoa, choanoflagellates, Fungi etc.)
Thecomonadea (e.g. Amastigomonas, Apusomonas, Mantamonas, Thecomonas)
Hilomonadea (Ancyromonas)
Rigifilida (Rigifila, Micronuclearia)
Breviatea (Breviata, Subulatomonas)
Amoebozoa (Physarum, Dictyostelium, Entamoeba, Amoeba, Arcella etc.)
Dipyllatea ( Collodictyon, Diphylleia, Sulcomonas )
Excavata (Euglenids, Giardia, Trichomonas, oxymonads etc.)
Plantae (Archaeplastida) (Glaucophyta, Rhodophyta, Viridiplantae)
Hacrobia(haptophytes, kathablepharids, Cryptophyceae, heliozoans etc.)
Rhizaria (Foraminifers, radiolarians, chlorarachninids etc.)
Alveolata(Ciliates, Apicomplexa, Dinophyta etc.)
Stramenopila(Labyrinthulids, Blastocystis, Oomycetes, Heterokontophyta etc.)
* Dotted lines indicate they may be non-monophyletic
1. Unikonta
2. Bikonta (= Plantae sensu Nozaki et al. 2007)
3. Harosa (= SAR clade)
Thecomonadea (e.g. Amastigomonas, Apusomonas, Mantamonas, Thecomonas)
Hilomonadea (Ancyromonas)
Rigifilida (Rigifila, Micronuclearia)
Breviatea (Breviata, Subulatomonas)
Amoebozoa (Physarum, Dictyostelium, Entamoeba, Amoeba, Arcella etc.)
Dipyllatea ( Collodictyon, Diphylleia, Sulcomonas )
Excavata (Euglenids, Giardia, Trichomonas, oxymonads etc.)
Plantae (Archaeplastida) (Glaucophyta, Rhodophyta, Viridiplantae)
Hacrobia(haptophytes, kathablepharids, Cryptophyceae, heliozoans etc.)
Rhizaria (Foraminifers, radiolarians, chlorarachninids etc.)
Alveolata(Ciliates, Apicomplexa, Dinophyta etc.)
Stramenopila(Labyrinthulids, Blastocystis, Oomycetes, Heterokontophyta etc.)
* Dotted lines indicate they may be non-monophyletic
1. Unikonta
2. Bikonta (= Plantae sensu Nozaki et al. 2007)
3. Harosa (= SAR clade)
Eukaryotes
- Membrane-bound nucleus
- Membrane-bound organelles
- Unicellular or multicellular
PROTOZOA
kingdom |
PROTOZOA
phylum |
MYCETOZOA
subphylum |
SARCODINA
subphylum |
CHROMISTA
kingdom |
CHROMISTA
subkingdom |
CHRYSOPHYTA
division golden-brown algae CHRYPTOPHYCO-
PHYTA division HAPTOPHYTA
division PHAEOPHYTA
division brown algae PYRROPHYCOPHYTA
division dinoflagellates XANTHOPHYTA
division yellow-green algae |
FUNGI
kingdom
kingdom
- Unicellular or multicellular
- Cell walls
- Lack tissues
- Do not photo-synthesize
- Absorb nutrients
Rusts
Lichens
MYXOMYCOTA
division slime molds |
DIKARYA
subkingdom |
ASCOMYCOTA
division ascomycetes, sac fungi BASIDIOMYCOTA
division basidiomycetes, club fungi |
EOMYCOTA
subkingdom |
CHYTRIDIOMYCOTA
division GLOMEROMYCOTA
division |
ZYGOMYCOTA
division |
PLANTAE
kingdom plants |
BILIPHYTA
subkingdom |
GLAUCOPHYTA
division glaucophytes RHODOPHYTA
division red algae |
CHLOROPHYTA
infrakingdom green algae |
CHLOROPHYTA
division green algae |
VIRIDIPLANTAE
subkingdom green plants |
STREPTOPHYTA
infrakingdom land plants |
CHAROPHYTA
superdivision |
CHAROPHYTA
division green algae, brittleworts, stoneworts |
|
EMBRYOPHYTA
superdivision |
ANTHOCERO-TOPHYTA
division hornworts BRYOPHYTA
division mosses, non-vascular land plants MARCHANTIO-PHYTA
division liverworts TRACHEOPHYTA
division vascular plants |
ANIMALIA
Animal kingdom
- Multicellular
- Lack cell walls
- Tissues
- Do not photo-synthesize
- Ingest nutrients
Mollusks
Spiders
Insects
Vertebrates
BILATERIA
subkingdom |
RADIATA
subkingdom |
DEUTEROSTOMIA
infrakingdom |
PROTOSTOMIA
infrakingdom |
CHAETO-GNATHI
superphylum LOPHOZOA
superphylum |
Superphylum
Ecdysozoa Superphylum
Platyzoa |
CHORDATA
phylum chordates HEMICHORDATA
phylum hemichordates |
ECHINODERMATA
phylum echinoderms XENACOELOMORPHA
phylum |
CNIDARIA
phylum coral, hydras PLACOZOA
phylum |
CTENO-PHORA
phylum comb jellies PORIFERA
phylum sponges |
MYXOZOA
phylum
ciliated protozoans
phylum
ciliated protozoans