Acrogymnospermae (clade)
Pinopsida / Pinidae (class / subclass)
Pinales / Pinaceae (order / family)
Pinus / Pinus (genus / subgenus)
Pinus / Pinus (section / subsection)
Pinopsida / Pinidae (class / subclass)
Pinales / Pinaceae (order / family)
Pinus / Pinus (genus / subgenus)
Pinus / Pinus (section / subsection)
Pinus
section
(Eurasia hard pines)
Defining feature
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Pinus
subsection
Defining features
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Pinus mugo
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Pinus heldreichii
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Pinus thunbergiana
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Pinus nigra
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Pinus mugo
Turra
mugo pine
Swiss mountain pine |
Pinus heldreichii
var. leucodermis Antoine
Bosnian pine
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Pinus thunbergii
Parl
Japanese black pine
黒松 kuromatsu (Japanese) = "black pine" Japanese pine black pine |
Pinus nigra
J.F. Arnold
Austrian pine
black pine Corsican pine Crimean pine Pyrenees pine European black pine |
Native to mountainous areas in Central and Southern Europe
Salt spray tolerance high Soil salt tolerance good Native habitat
Soil
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Native to mountains of northern Balkans
Named after Theodor von Heldreich, a German-born botanist who was director of the botanical garden and natural history museum in Athens Native habitat Soil
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Native to Japan and South Korea
Native habitat: Coastal areas Salt spray tolerance high Soil salt tolerance good Named for Carl Peter Thunberg, a Swedish naturalist who gathered botanical specimens in Japan Native habitat
Soil
Look for in bark
Look for on needles
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Native from central and southeastern Europe to western Asia
Native habitat: Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub Native habitat
Soil
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Pinus mugo
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Pinus heldreichii
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Pinus thunbergiana
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Pinus nigra
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Tree / Bark / Twigs / Buds
Shrub
Bark
Twigs
Buds
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Tree
Bark
Twigs
Buds
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Tree
Bark
Twigs
Buds
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Tree
Bark
Twigs
Buds
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Foliage
Needles
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Needles
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Needles
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Needles
, 8-12 cm l 12-14 stomatal lies on each surface. |
Male (Stamenate) Cones
Microstrobili
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Microstrobili
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Microstrobili
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Microstrobili
Needles in pairs, persist 4-8 years, 8-12 cm long, 1-2 mm wide, stiff, point sharp to touch, bundle sheath 13 mm long, 12-14 stomatal lies on each surface. Cones grouped 2-4, ovoid, conical, 4-8 cm long, light brown. Flowers are borne in structures called cones (strobili) with separate male and female cones on the same tree. Male (pollen) cones are long and cylindrical, ½ to ¾ inch long, in dense clusters at the base of new branchlets (candles) with the newly expanding bud just above. The female strobili form at the tips of the new candle and are small and egg shaped, typically purplish in color. Leaves and bark: Leaves are needle-like, 3 to 6 inches long, in bundles of two that spiral up around the branch. Needles are stiff (but do not break cleanly when bent) and sharply pointed, dark bluish green in color, mostly straight to slightly twisted, flat on the facing surfaces (D shaped in cross section). New twigs are greenish brown, a smooth surface but for tangled, flat white hairs around the needle receptacles, turning scaly and grayish brown with age. Bark becomes dark gray with thick flat vertical ridges, furrowed in between. Branch buds are large, around 1 inch long, conical with a long, abrupt point; scales are reddish brown, loose with papery margins The fruit is a brown hard cone, small and egg-shaped, ½ inch long at end of first growing season, 2½ to 3 inches long at maturity, the scales with a mostly blunt, short spine. |
Female (Ovulate) Cones
Megastrobili
dehiscent |
Megastrobili
dehiscent |
Megastrobili
dehiscent |
Megastrobilidehiscent
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Seeds
Seed
Seed dormancy
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Seed
Seed dormancy
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Seed
Wing
Seed dormancy
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Seed
Seed dormancy
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Pinus mugo
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Pinus heldreichii
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Pinus thunbergiana
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Pinus nigra
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