SOLANUM
Nightshade genus
Kingdom Plantae – Plants
Subkingdom Tracheobionta – Vascular plants Superdivision Spermatophyta – Seed plants Division Magnoliophyta – Flowering plants Class Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons Subclass Asteridae Order Solanales Family Solanaceae – Potato family Genus Solanum L. – nightshade |
Species
Solanum carolinense L. – Carolina horsenettle |
Species
Solanum dulcamara L. – climbing nightshade |
Species
Solanum nigrum L. – black nightshade |
Horse-nettle
Carolina Horse Nettle Carolina Horsenettle Apple of Sodom Devil's Tomato Sand Briar |
Amara Dulcis, Bittersweet,
Bitter Nightshade, Blue Bindweed Blue Nightshade, Climbing Nightshade Dwale, Dulcamara European Bittersweet, Fellenwort Fevertwig, Nightshade Poisonberry, Poisonflower Pushion-berry, Scarlet Berry Skawcoo, Snakeberry Tether-devil, Violet-bloom Wolfgrape, Woody Nightshade |
Black Nightshade
Garden Nightshade |
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Native
Not a true nettle |
Native to Eurasia
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Native to Eurasia
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Caution: Unripe berries are more toxic than ripe berries. Berries are more toxic than leaves which, in turn, are more toxic than stems or roots.
SEE symptoms below |
Toxic Part:
Berries Toxin Delivery Mode: Ingestion Symptoms:
Nausea, vomiting, salivation, drowsiness, abdominal pain, diarrhea, weakness, respiratory depression; may be fatal Toxic Principle:
Solanine alkaloid Severity: TOXIC ONLY IF LARGE QUANTITIES EATEN |
Toxic Parts:
Berries and all parts of the plant Toxin Delivery Mode: Ingestion Symptoms:
Nausea, vomiting, salivation, drowsiness, abdominal pain, diarrhea, weakness, respiratory depression; may be fatal Toxic Principle:
Solanine and other alkaloids Severity: HIGHLY TOXIC, MAY BE FATAL IF EATEN! |
Toxic Part:
Berries Toxin Delivery Mode: Ingestion Symptoms:
Nausea, vomiting, salivation, drowsiness, abdominal pain, diarrhea, weakness, respiratory depression; may be fatal Edibility:
EDIBLE PARTS: Ripe berries are made into jam, but do not eat raw Toxic Principle:
Solanine alkaloid Severity: TOXIC ONLY IF LARGE QUANTITIES EATEN |
Plant
Herb
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Vine
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Herb
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Foliage
Leaves
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Leaves
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Leaves
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Flowers
Raceme-like Cymes
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Pale violet, blue, white flowers
flowers small, 5-parted, purple |
lowers small, white or pale violet, 5-parted
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Fruit / Seeds
True Berries
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True Berries
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True Berries
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Symptoms
- GI signs include anorexia, nausea, salivation, abdominal pain, emesis, constipation or diarrhea (with or without blood).
- Nervous system signs include apathy, drowsiness, progressive weakness/paralysis, prostration and unconsciousness.
- Nervous signs build to a maximum followed by death or recovery within 1 to 2 days.